On May 20, 2025, President Donald Trump unveiled the "Golden Dome" missile defense initiative, a comprehensive plan to protect the United States from advanced missile threats, including those launched from space. The project is estimated to cost approximately $175 billion over three years, with an initial $25 billion allocated through a congressional funding package.

The Golden Dome system aims to integrate existing defense technologies, such as THAAD and Patriot missile systems, with next-generation space-based capabilities. This includes deploying a constellation of satellites equipped with sensors and interceptors designed to detect and neutralize ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles.

General Michael Guetlein, Vice Chief of Space Operations for the U.S. Space Force, has been appointed to lead the Golden Dome project. His extensive experience in space operations and missile defense procurement positions him to oversee this ambitious initiative. 

While the project has garnered support from some allies, including expressions of interest from Canada, it also faces scrutiny over its feasibility, cost, and the potential militarization of space. Critics question the practicality of intercepting missiles in space and the long-term financial implications of such a defense system.

The Golden Dome represents a significant shift in U.S. defense strategy, emphasizing the need to address evolving threats in the modern era. As the project progresses, it will require careful consideration of technological capabilities, international collaboration, and strategic objectives to ensure its success.

 
Background and Protests
The political unrest began after a national conference in April recommended that Goïta remain president for a renewable five-year term and that all political parties be dissolved. These proposals sparked public outcry, leading to Mali's first significant pro-democracy protests in years. On May 3, hundreds gathered in Bamako to oppose the junta's plans, demanding a return to constitutional order.In response, the government suspended all political activities on May 7, citing public order concerns. Despite this, opposition groups continued to organize, leading to further crackdowns. Notably, on May 8, opposition leaders Abba Alhassane of CODEM and El Bachir Thiam of Yéléma were reportedly abducted by individuals believed to be security forces.
 
International Reactions and Human Rights Concerns
Human rights organizations have condemned the junta's actions. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights described the dissolution of political parties as "draconian," highlighting a significant increase in human rights violations in Mali between 2023 and 2024. 
Former Prime Minister Moussa Mara criticized the decision, stating it undermines the reconciliation process initiated last year. Opposition leader Nouhoum Togo announced plans to challenge the decree in Mali's Constitutional Court, emphasizing that the constitution guarantees the existence of political parties.
 
Regional Implications
Mali's actions align with similar measures in neighboring Sahel countries, Burkina Faso and Niger, where military regimes have also dissolved political parties and extended transitional periods. These countries have formed the Alliance of Sahel States, distancing themselves from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and strengthening mutual defense agreements.
 
Conclusion
The dissolution of political parties marks a significant escalation in Mali's political crisis, raising concerns about the country's democratic future and stability. As the junta consolidates power, the international community watches closely, urging a return to constitutional governance and respect for human rights.